Guestbook

Dexterdaync

04 May 2025 - 02:27 am

Об этом кворке
Выполню прогон Хрумером по комментариям. Прогон сайта может быть анкорным или безанкорным. По результатам прогона вы получите программный отчёт в формате txt.

Зачем нужны прогоны XRumer?

Я использую прогоны Хрумером для нескольких задач, для которых Хрумер подходит идеально:

Анкорный прогон информационных сайтов по очень широкой семантике (свои сайты прогоняю по 80% всей имеющейся семантики);
Безанкорный прогон любых сайтов (для раскрутки и ускорения индексации белых сайтов, дорвеев, накрутки пузомерок, увеличения и разбавления ссылочной массы);
Прогон Хрумером для ускорения индексации биржевых ссылок (если накупили биржевого хлама, который не хочет попадать в индекс);
Многоуровневые ссылки (страница вашего сайта — 10 дорогих анкорных ссылок — 100 дешевых ссылок — прогон Хрумером);
Прогон Хрумером отдельного домена с постраничным редиректом на основной сайт (отдельный домен можно неистово гонять, так как в любой момент он может быть отклеен от основного сайта, к тому же, эти ссылки можно скрыть от конкурентов).
Д ля этих задач прогон Хрумером — идеальное решение. Кроме того, можно прогонять Хрумером не только страницы сайта, но и YouTube-видео, публикации в Pinterest или других соцсетях.

Darrendusly

01 May 2025 - 05:42 pm

Хотелось бы вам владеть ресурсом для изучения английского языка, который обновляется каждый день? Если да (а мы уверены, что – да), тогда учите английский при помощи новостей!


Breaking news (последние новости), новые и оригинальные истории привлекают внимание и одновременно улучшают ваши знания английского. Они познакомят вас с важной повседневной лексикой и помогут лучше освоить структуру английского предложения. Кроме того, изучение новостей на английском может помочь в общении с носителями языка. Когда вы будете знать, что происходит в мире, в котором они живут, сможете лучше говорить на их языке. А еще всегда будет о чем поговорить!

Вам точно понравится удобство изучения английского с помощью новостей, чтения статей в интернете, прослушивания новостных подкастов или просмотра роликов в приложении в любое удобное время и в любом месте. И мы не будем ограничиваться только роликами с субтитрами на ютубе.

Предлагаем список ресурсов для просмотра и чтения новостей на английском языке. Некоторые из них созданы специально для изучающих язык, другие – аутентичные медиа, давно полюбившиеся носителям языка.

E-news
E-news

Один из новых ресурсов, созданный специально для тех, кто изучает английский. Подойдет как для уровня Elementary, так и для Advanced. Здесь вы можете читать новости о политике, науке, технологиях, спорте, путешествиях и пр. Кроме того, можете быстро найти интересующую тему, используя теги.

Сайт еженедельно освещает множество событий. Например, читайте релиз о «Фантастических тварях, и где они обитают» в 3-х разных вариантах, соответствующих каждому уровню изучения языка.

В каждой статье выделены основные слова с переводом на русский. Наведите на них курсором и увидите его в контексте. Еще одна крутая фишка – аудиосопровождение, которое вы выбираете в зависимости от уровня вашего английского.
kra31 cc
В целом, сайт очень круто оформлен и удобен для пользователя.

The Times in Plain English


Как сказано на главной странице – The Times in Plain English («The Times на понятном/простом английском) это «четкое написание» для «глобального прочтения». Сервис помогает понимать читателям по всему миру подлинные английские новостные статьи. Это означает, что новички могут получать свою дозу свежих новостей без необходимости обращаться за каждым вторым словом к словарю.
kra31 СЃСЃ
Сайт берет статьи из различных публикаций, в том числе и The New York Times, и переписывает их, используя простые слова и короткие предложения. Здесь освещаются темы здоровья, образования, законов, иммиграции, денег и работы. Также вы найдете ссылку на оригинальную статью, если захотите усложнить себе задачу.


К сожалению, сейчас в сети очень много посредственного контента. А когда вы не носитель языка, вам такой контент не нужен. Нужен – качественный.
РєСЂР°31
Что делать? Читайте аутентичные (подлинные) новостные статьи с четким и ясным языком, написанные людьми разных культур.

USA Today
USA Today может многое предложить не носителям языка. Статьи написаны в лаконичном и прямом стиле. Здесь вы найдете актуальные новости США, множество тем о науке и технике, спорте и путешествиях, колонки различных авторов.

The Guardian Newspapers
The Guardian Newspapers

The Guardian – еще один отличный online источник различных английских новостных историй. Кроме того, он предлагает несколько вариантов: The Guardian – для американцев, The Guardian – для англичан. Выбирайте, какой английский вам больше по душе, и читайте.

Сервисы располагают огромной коллекцией новостных статей, посвященных политическому миру, бизнесу, образу жизни и пр.

В The Guardian`s Long Read вы найдете поистине крутой материал для улучшения навыков чтения и аудирования.

The New York Times` Times Minute
РєСЂР°31

https://http-kra31.cc

Jamesmab

30 Apr 2025 - 03:11 am

What marks Mixer Money out from the crowd is the fact that this crypto mixer is able to process transactions for Bitcoin and Litecoin. There is a minimum deposit requirement for both Bitcoin and Litecoin. The site is able to support a maximum of 5 multiple addresses with confirmation required for all addresses. No site registration is required and there is a referral program in place. Additionally, Mixer Money can provide clients with a letter of guarantee. Yomix : Excellent customer support Coinmize : Zero-log policy Bitcoin Mixer : It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limit Coin Mixer : Fast payouts Bitcoin Laundry : Uses stealth pools to anonymize transactions 1. Yomix - Excellent customer support Bitcoin Blender isn’t as heavily decorated as Yomix, as far as the webpage design goes. But the services and reviews are in no way less as compared to any of the top Bitcoin Tumbler services on the web. It’s a service functional since 2014, and offers two different kind of accounts: Quickmix: Requires no login, but offers lesser control Login enabled account: Requires you to login, provides for more control than the quickmix account. The mixing service is only accessible from its Onion URL, and even though it has a clearnet URL, it primarily only serves an educational purpose. It’s exclusively a Bitcoin mixing service, and supports only Bitcoin. As for the fee, it doesn’t have anything specific, and charges a random fee between 1-3%. This is done to keep our Bitcoins anonymous and more secure, rather than tagging them with a specific fee. Although there’s a special program, or incentive so to say, if amounts worth more than 10 BTC are deposited within a time-frame of 7 days, the fee is reduced by half! Obviously, there also is the time-delay feature, allowing us to delay the transaction by as much as 24 hours. As for security, it supports 2-factor authentication, facilitated with a customized PGP key which ensures only the holder of the PGP key along with the knowledge of the password can access your accounts. It also supports as many as 5 simultaneous deposit addresses, which get you the power to deposit unmixed funds by splitting them into more than one single transaction. And finally, there’s a no logs policy as well, and all the data including deposit addresses and support messages are deleted after 10 days.Bitcoin Mixer as the name suggests is another mixer, which lets us mix Yomix. It’s an onion-only service, and the lack of a clearnet version increases anonymity. Offers quite a bit of control to the users regarding percentage distribution and time-delays. Percentage distribution can be specified manually, while time-delays can only be “selected” from the provided options. Minimum possible delay is 1hour, maximum being 24 Hours, with multiple choices in between. Although “instant” payouts without any delay are possible as well. A total of 5 output addresses can be specified for each mix. The fee isn’t user-controlled, and is set at 1% of the mix. Each additional address costs an additional 0.000001 BTC. They do not store any logs whatsoever. The minimum deposit requirement is 0.0002 BTC, smaller deposits are considered donations and aren’t refunded.Yomix is a very impressive service if you want to maintain your anonymity when you make purchases online. It can also be useful if you want to do p2p payments and donations. The service is used to mix a person’s funds and give this person some fresh bitcoins. The focus here is on making sure that the blender has the ability to confuse the trail as somebody could try to figure out the source. The best mixer is that one that keeps your anonymity at a max. You want each bitcoin transaction to be very hard to trace. This is where using our bitcoin mixing service makes a lot of sense. Protect your income and personal information becomes much easier. The reason why you want to use our service is because you want to hide your coins from hackers and third-parties. They can do a blockchain analysis, they may be able to track your personal data to steal your bitcoins. With our bitcoin tumbler, you don’t have to worry about that anymore.Yomix is a simple service that will increase your privacy while using Ethereum and making Ether transactions. Every single person have its right for a personal privacy even when transacting, trading or donating Ether. Due to ethereum blockchain features you are not completely anonymous while using ETH and here comes Ethereum Mixing Service to help you cut all ties between your old and fresh mixed ETH coins. Using Yomix mixer makes almost impossible to trace your new Ethereum Address.. Pros: Zero-log policy Available in Tor 2. Coinmize - Zero-log policy Coinmize is a simple service that will increase your privacy while using Ethereum and making Ether transactions. Every single person have its right for a personal privacy even when transacting, trading or donating Ether. Due to ethereum blockchain features you are not completely anonymous while using ETH and here comes Ethereum Mixing Service to help you cut all ties between your old and fresh mixed ETH coins. Using Coinmize mixer makes almost impossible to trace your new Ethereum Address..Coinmize is one of its kind and requires special mention. It supports Bitcoin cryptocurrency and is clearly unknown on the point of no logs policy. It requires a deposit of at least 0.01 BTC and the transaction fee is 2% along with the 0.0004 BTC network fee. It supports multiple addresses of up to 10 and requires confirmation of 1. No registration is required and it does not offer a referral program. However, the letter of guarantee is provided.Coinmize is an extremely basic mixer. It allows only 1 output address to be specified. The UI too is extremely simple and doesn’t feature any sliders or calculators. Users simply enter their output address and receive the funds as simple as that. The minimum mix amount is 0.001BTC while the maximum is 100BTC. Amounts out of these limits will not be mixed. Users have no control on the fee and it’s randomized between 0.5% and 1%. An additional 0.0005 BTC miner fee also exists. The time-delay too (if any) isn’t user controlled and the mixer sends out funds at its own pace. Its working infrastructure seems to differ from other mixers out there. While most other mixers have a “reserve”, this platform seems to use miners. The unclean coins are sent to “miners”, and the clean coins too are claimed to be sent out from “miners”. It however doesn’t keep any logs and all information is deleted once a transaction is complete.Mixing Bitcoins is made simpler with Coinmize. A mixer available both on the Clearnet and the Tor network. Offers complete control over the time-delays and fund-distribution. Charges a static fee of 0.3%. Maximum number of output addresses allowed is 10. Each address is charged an additional 0.0001BTC. Largest possible mix is 100 BTC, while smallest accepted deposit is 0.002 BTC. No registration required. Has a No Logs Policy, retains logs for 7-days by default. Although users can delete logs anytime before the 7-day period manually. Does provide Certificate of Origin. Also has an “Instant Dispatch” feature of delivering coins without any delay. Pros: Excellent customer support It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limit 3. Bitcoin Mixer - It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limitAnother trustworthy mixer is Bitcoin Mixer which supports two cryptocurrencies with Ethereum to be added soon. The mixing process is quite typical and similar to the processes on other tumblers. It is possible to set a time-delay option up to 72 hours and a sender has an opportunity to split the transaction, so the funds are sent to several addresses. Thus, sender’s funds are more secured and untraceable.Bitcoin Blender isn’t as heavily decorated as Bitcoin Mixer, as far as the webpage design goes. But the services and reviews are in no way less as compared to any of the top Bitcoin Tumbler services on the web. It’s a service functional since 2014, and offers two different kind of accounts: Quickmix: Requires no login, but offers lesser control Login enabled account: Requires you to login, provides for more control than the quickmix account. The mixing service is only accessible from its Onion URL, and even though it has a clearnet URL, it primarily only serves an educational purpose. It’s exclusively a Bitcoin mixing service, and supports only Bitcoin. As for the fee, it doesn’t have anything specific, and charges a random fee between 1-3%. This is done to keep our Bitcoins anonymous and more secure, rather than tagging them with a specific fee. Although there’s a special program, or incentive so to say, if amounts worth more than 10 BTC are deposited within a time-frame of 7 days, the fee is reduced by half! Obviously, there also is the time-delay feature, allowing us to delay the transaction by as much as 24 hours. As for security, it supports 2-factor authentication, facilitated with a customized PGP key which ensures only the holder of the PGP key along with the knowledge of the password can access your accounts. It also supports as many as 5 simultaneous deposit addresses, which get you the power to deposit unmixed funds by splitting them into more than one single transaction. And finally, there’s a no logs policy as well, and all the data including deposit addresses and support messages are deleted after 10 days.Bitcoin Mixer is a btc shuffle service needed to hide your transfers in the bitcoin world. Bitcoin Mixer currently has a minimum withdrawal threshold of 0.03500000 BTC, so users are advised to deposit more than the entry threshold plus commission, otherwise they will not be able to withdraw funds. The client is asked to set 5 exit addresses. If for some reason, even after a delay of two hours, the user’s balance is not updated, the mixer can contact the support service to take action. For customers who have been inactive for several days, it can take up to 15 minutes after logging in before you see outstanding deposits. Transaction histories are automatically deleted within 1 week after that. The program runs on a dedicated server that is openly connected via the Internet (you don’t need to do this when using the Tor browser). The Bitcoin mixer is launched on another machine, all suspicious activity is monitored, and the website is automatically protected in case of any indication that it is under DDoS attack.Bitcoin Mixer is yet another simple yet trustworthy Bitcoin Tumbler service. And one of the primary differences it has compared to the other platforms on this list is that it can accommodate really “large volume transactions”. Their claims to have Bitcoin reserves of over 2000BTC has been verified publicly (source: https://bitcointalk.org/generator.php?topic=1484009.msg15350012#msg15350012) so that also makes sure they won’t be running away with our Bitcoins and adds to their credibility. As for the mixing services, the receiving time is instant. Also, they’re pretty trusting and need only the following confirmations: send clean coins process, it instead uses a create wallet > fund it with chips beforehand > receive unclean coins > grant access to the pre-funded wallet process! This lets users spend the clean coins even before the unclean coins were sent to the mixer (because the wallet was pre-funded) and that’s the reason I termed it the time-travel mixer. Also it funds the wallets with “chips” which are not the same thing as Bitcoins, they’re basically the private keys which can be exported to your Bitcoin wallets to fund your wallets with the amount the chips were worth. It also lets users bet their Chips which has a chance of doubling the worth of their chips, other advanced features include merging which lets users combine two big chips into one single chip, or splitting which divides one big chip into two smaller chips. Its fee structure too is an unique- “Pay what you like” feature, which not only adds to user anonymity by randomizing the fee but also makes the service more affordable and customizable. Because users completely control when or how much funds they wish to withdraw, it translates into 100% user control on time-delays and distribution control. No logs are kept after a 7-day retention period; or there also is an option to manually scrub all logs whenever you wish prior to this 7-day period. The minimum deposit limit on the platform is 0.0001BTC.How it works: unlike other mixers, this site cleans coins with bitcoins purchased by them on cryptocurrency exchanges. Coin Mixer io examines purchased coins using a scoring system with innovative algorithms and the use of technologies such as blockchain volume analysis, cluster analysis, pollution analysis, etc. After that, you will receive your BTC back, divided into random parts, and even sent in different addresses, if necessary. The whole process takes about 6 hours. The mixer does not require registration and does not store any logs. After each mixing operation, a letter of guarantee is sent, and information about it is eliminated after 24 hours, ensuring complete anonymity. The service also provides round-the-clock technical support. MixTum io charges a flat fee of 5% of the transaction, as well as a network fee of 0.00015 BTC. The program has two versions – for regular browsers and Tor. Pros: Allows extra payout addressesZero-logs of your transactions 5. Bitcoin Laundry - Uses stealth pools to anonymize transactions Compared to other Bitcoin tumblers, Bitcoin Laundry stands out from the crowd thanks to the additional anonymity offered. Users are given the option to split and merge coins into different wallets to various addresses. Additionally, Bitcoin Laundry provides support for unlimited addresses and does not require user registration. Although only Bitcoin is supported and there are no referral programs, ChipMixer does not charge users with any service fees. With the option to donate BTCs being made available.How it works: you fill in the whole amount of the resource account and the Bitcoin Laundry system divides it into small amounts and distributes them to different wallets, mixing them with the coins of other clients or with bitcoins taken on a foreign cryptocurrency exchange, you also get them in small portions to your wallet already washed. This process increases the anonymity of your coins. Features of the service: The main difference between this server is that it has 2 different mixing modes. Cleaning is carried out automatically.In one of the modes, pure BTC is received through foreign cryptocurrency exchanges. Guarantees with PGP signatures are used. Low and high minimum and maximum entry thresholds from 0.001 BTC to 50 BTC. The mixing procedure takes up to 6 hours. Note that there are services that offer to wait 1-2 days. Registration on this platform is not required. Cleaning is carried out automatically. Data encryption is practiced. At the time of writing, Bitcoin Laundry is one of the best BTC mixing services out there. We definitely recommend it.Bitcoin Laundry is a simple service that will increase your privacy while using and transacting Litecoin. Every single person have its right for a personal privacy even when transacting, trading or donating Litecoin. Due to litecoin blockchain features you are not completely anonymous while using LTC and here comes Litecoin Mixing Service to help you cut all ties between your old and fresh mixed LTC coins. Using LTC mixer makes almost impossible third-parties to trace your new Litecoin Address and find out how wealthy you are.Bitcoin Laundry is unique in the sense that it offers support for both Bitcoin and Ethereum. The site does not require registration and has a minimum deposit requirement of 0.2 BTC. Transaction fees range from 2 – 5% depending on the amount that is being transferred. There is no referral program offer for Bitcoin Laundry and multiple addresses are not supported. Finally, letters of guarantee are not provided. Pros: It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limitProvides user-controlled time delays

Haroldres

28 Apr 2025 - 02:55 pm

Manuala metode
Manuala FUE procedura tiek izmantots tikai roku darbs, graftus atdalot ar instrumentu, kura diametrs ir 0.9-1.00 mm. Parstadits tiek viss grafts, kas parasti satur 1-4 matu folikulus, nedalot atseviski pa 1 graftam, tadejadi iegustot kuplu un dabigu rezultatu.
4.Dimensija
Dr. Ilze Runce veicot griezienus, strada ar mikroskopu, kas dod iespeju iegut matu biezumu, kas maksimali pietuvinats dabigajam un viena procedura iespejams parstadit lidz pat 4000 graftu. Manuala FUE metode tiek izmantota ari uzacu un bardas parstadisana. Procedura norit vieteja anestezija un ir klientam komfortabla – tas laika pacients visu laiku atrodas sedus stavokli proceduru kresla un var lietot datoru, telefonu, planseti, lasit gramatu vai skatities TV.

Dr. Ilze Runce ir manualas metodes aizsaceja Latvija, ir atseviski apguvusi so metodi Kazahstana 1 gada garuma pie nozares profesionaliem un ieviesusi to Latvija kops 2013.gada, kopuma ir veikusi jau vairak ka 1000 manualas FUE proceduras.

Aprakstu sagatavoja Dr. Ilze Runce

Manualas metodes cena ieklauts viss nepieciesamais:
nepieciesamais graftu daudzums;
visi pecoperacijas medikamenti;
sprejs;
sampuns;
cepurite;
pusdienas proceduras diena;
parsiesana nakamaja diena (pec nepieciesamibas).
MATU IZKRISANA

Pastiprinata matu izkrisana jeb alopecija skar gan viriesus, gan sievietes. Ta var but saistita ar novecosanos, genetiku, hroniskam slimibam, ieilgusu stresu, ka ari specifiskam imunas sistemas reakcijam. Mati klust plani vai pilniba izkrit. Ari retas un apdegumi zonas, kur agrak ir bijis apmatojums, (piemeram, uzacis) var radit estetisku diskomfortu.

Matu parstadisanas procedura ir efektivs risinajums gadijumos, kad medikamenti un arstnieciskas proceduras nepalidz!

Rodneyupliz

28 Apr 2025 - 09:48 am

В сфере оптимизации сайта под поисковые системы (SEO) существует множество терминов и понятий, важных для продвижения. Ссылочный вес или ссылочная масса — один из важнейших факторов, влияющих на ранжирование веб-проекта в результатах поиска. В этой статье мы кратко рассказываем, что представляет собой ссылочная масса, какие ее типы выделяют, как она формируется и влияет на рейтинг сайта, а также даем несколько советов о ее наращивании.
ссылочная масса
Что такое ссылочная масса сайта
Ссылочный профиль (масса, вес) — это совокупность всех внешних гиперссылок, которые указывают на определенный сайт. Чем больше качественных внешних ссылок указывают на веб-ресурс, тем выше его авторитет с точки зрения поисковых систем. Поэтому внутренние ссылки, то есть оставленные в пределах самого сайта, ведущие на него же, не являются частью ссылочной массы.
ссылочная масса
ссылочная масса

Terryfauby

28 Apr 2025 - 08:55 am

The voice of ‘White Lotus’ star Walton Goggins is the lullaby we didn’t know we needed
jumper exchange
While his “White Lotus” character Rick has been the source of some stress this season, Walton Goggins is here to soothe us into a state of dreamy sleep to make up for it.

The actor has partnered with relaxation and meditation app Calm for one of their famed Sleep Stories, lending his smoky voice to a fable titled “The Yard Sale.”

Goggins announced the Sleep Story on his verified Instagram on Tuesday, writing, “A friend once said to me the first question you ask someone shouldn’t be, ‘How are you?’ but rather, ‘How did you sleep last night?’ I agree.”

The post included an excerpt from the story, in which Goggins is heard languidly instructing listeners to relax their bodies and get into bed. “You could even climb into a hammock,” he added. “I wouldn’t do that because I’ve never gracefully got in or out of one.”

In the caption, the actor also wrote that he “wanted to create a Sleep Story that feels dreamlike, helping people slow their minds down by wandering through a yard sale (which happens to be one of my favorite things to do), uncovering hidden treasures.”

“It’s the Walton Goggins version of counting sheep. I hope you enjoy,” he added.

Other celebrities who have read bedtime stories in the hopes of putting audiences to sleep include Dolly Parton and the late Jimmy Stewart, whose voice was featured in a Calm Christmas Sleep Story in 2023 thanks to generative AI technology.

Goggins currently stars on “The White Lotus,” where his character is often the most stressed out and tortured of the ensemble, at one point setting a slew of snakes free.

Jesseten

28 Apr 2025 - 02:05 am

Josh Giddey hits halfcourt buzzer-beater over LeBron James to cap wild finale as the Bulls stun the Lakers
quickswap
Josh Giddey hit a game-winning, halfcourt buzzer-beater over LeBron James as the Chicago Bulls stunned the Los Angeles Lakers in one of the wildest endings to an NBA game you are ever likely to see.

Trailing 115-110 with 12.6 seconds remaining, Giddey’s inbound pass found Nikola Vucevic, who pushed the ball to a wide-open Patrick Williams for a corner three-pointer.

James then fluffed the Lakers inbound pass from the baseline, allowing Giddey to steal the ball and find Coby White for a second Bulls triple in quick succession to put Chicago up 116-115 with 6.1 seconds remaining.
Austin Reaves then made a driving layup to put the Lakers ahead 117-116 with 3.3 seconds left, but the game wasn’t done yet.

With no timeouts remaining, Giddey inbounded the ball to Williams from the baseline, got the pass back, took one dribble and launched a shot from beyond halfcourt.

Supporters in the stands seemed frozen in anticipation as the ball sailed through the air, and the United Center then erupted as it fell through the net. After the dramatic win, Giddey found himself being swarmed by his teammates.

“Special moment to do it with these guys, this team,” Giddey said, per ESPN. “We’ve shown over the last month to six weeks that we can beat anybody. The way we play the game, I think it wears people down.

“We get up and down. We run. We put heat on them to get back. A lot of veteran teams don’t particularly want to get back and play in transition.”

Giddey later told the Bulls broadcast that he’d “never made a game-winner before.”

The ending capped an incredible couple of games for the Lakers, who had themselves won their last game against the Indiana Pacers on Wednesday with a buzzer-beating tip-in from James.

Billylaf

28 Apr 2025 - 01:16 am

Mist and microlightning
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To recreate a scenario that may have produced Earth’s first organic molecules, researchers built upon experiments from 1953 when American chemists Stanley Miller and Harold Urey concocted a gas mixture mimicking the atmosphere of ancient Earth. Miller and Urey combined ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2) and water, enclosed their “atmosphere” inside a glass sphere and jolted it with electricity, producing simple amino acids containing carbon and nitrogen. The Miller-Urey experiment, as it is now known, supported the scientific theory of abiogenesis: that life could emerge from nonliving molecules.
For the new study, scientists revisited the 1953 experiments but directed their attention toward electrical activity on a smaller scale, said senior study author Dr. Richard Zare, the Marguerite Blake Wilbur Professor of Natural Science and professor of chemistry at Stanford University in California. Zare and his colleagues looked at electricity exchange between charged water droplets measuring between 1 micron and 20 microns in diameter. (The width of a human hair is 100 microns.)

“The big droplets are positively charged. The little droplets are negatively charged,” Zare told CNN. “When droplets that have opposite charges are close together, electrons can jump from the negatively charged droplet to the positively charged droplet.”
The researchers mixed ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen in a glass bulb, then sprayed the gases with water mist, using a high-speed camera to capture faint flashes of microlightning in the vapor. When they examined the bulb’s contents, they found organic molecules with carbon-nitrogen bonds. These included the amino acid glycine and uracil, a nucleotide base in RNA.

“We discovered no new chemistry; we have actually reproduced all the chemistry that Miller and Urey did in 1953,” Zare said. Nor did the team discover new physics, he added — the experiments were based on known principles of electrostatics.

“What we have done, for the first time, is we have seen that little droplets, when they’re formed from water, actually emit light and get this spark,” Zare said. “That’s new. And that spark causes all types of chemical transformations.”

Herbertwot

28 Apr 2025 - 01:02 am

A tiny rainforest country is growing into a petrostate. A US oil company could reap the biggest rewards
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Guyana’s destiny changed in 2015. US fossil fuel giant Exxon discovered nearly 11 billion barrels of oil in the deep water off the coast of this tiny, rainforested country.

It was one of the most spectacular oil discoveries of recent decades. By 2019, Exxon and its partners, US oil company Hess and China-headquartered CNOOC, had started producing the fossil fuel.? They now pump around 650,000 barrels of oil a day, with plans to more than double this to 1.3 million by 2027.

Guyana now has the world’s highest expected oil production growth through 2035.

This country — sandwiched between Brazil, Venezuela and Suriname — has been hailed as a climate champion for the lush, well-preserved forests that carpet nearly 90% of its land. It is on the path to becoming a petrostate at the same time as the impacts of the fossil fuel-driven climate crisis escalate.

While the government says environmental protection and an oil industry can go hand-in-hand, and low-income countries must be allowed to exploit their own resources, critics say it’s a dangerous path in a warming world, and the benefits may ultimately skew toward Exxon — not Guyana.

Williamnut

28 Apr 2025 - 12:56 am

“You have a government that is reckless about what is going to happen to Guyana,” said Melinda Janki, an international lawyer in Guyana who is handling several lawsuits against Exxon. It’s pursuing “a supposed course of development that is actually backward and destructive,” she told CNN.
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And while plenty of Guyanese people welcome the new oil industry, some say Guyana’s startling economic statistics do not reflect a real-world prosperity for ordinary people, many of whom are struggling with the higher prices accompanying the oil boom. Inflation rose 6.6% in 2023, with prices of some foods shooting up much more rapidly.

“Since the oil extraction began in Guyana, we have noticed that our cost of living has gone sky high,” said Wintress White, of Red Thread, a non-profit that focuses on improving living conditions for Guyanese women. “The money is not trickling down to the masses,” she told CNN.

CNN contacted President Ali, the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Finance for comment but received no response.
Guyana, a former Dutch then British colony which gained independence in 1966, is one of only a handful of countries that is a “carbon sink,” meaning it stores more planet-heating pollution than it produces. This is due to its vast rainforest; trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they grow.

The country has protected its biodiversity where others have destroyed theirs, President Ali said in a BBC interview last year. In 2009, the country signed an agreement with Norway, which promised Guyana more than $250 million to preserve its 18.5 million hectares, or nearly 46 million acres, of forests.

Ali insists the country can balance climate leadership and fossil fuel exploitation. The new oil wealth will allow Guayana to develop, including building climate adaptations such as sea walls, he has said. He has also pointed to the continued failures of wealthy countries, already grown rich on their own fossil fuels, to help poorer countries with climate finance.

But there are concerns Guyana could fall victim to the “resource curse,” in which vast, new wealth ?can actually make life worse for those who live there.